[holism]

Parametric and correlation were the two words that commenced this project. I began looking at different shapes and forms and exploring different ways units related to the whole. I was interested in how different parts related to one another, how parts were organized, and the mutual relationship individual parts shared with the whole. My three rules at the start of this project were to use triangles, repetition, and focus on how each unit related to the whole. I wanted to create a pattern that could be added to, subtracted from, and altered to create endless forms. Having to decide on a specific use for this project, I chose to create a tunnel that people could interact with and manipulate by compressing and pulling different triangular units to alter the whole. But that is not intended to be the complete function. It is intended to be interacted with and transformed into whatever the user can imagine.

Portfolio

Timeline

This is a photo of the timeline presented at the Gala that I designed with Anna Behrendt, Carly Blake, Cassandra Bradfield, and Cassandra Brunson.

Point: Explorations.

The movements discussed in the explorations unit was a combination of all the units covered in class. It relied on theories and foundations, and it required reflecting back in time and making alternatives.The explorations unit was a continued search for providing good design for all. Many movements were going on the duration of this unit, but the dominant movement was a search for modernism. In order to look forward and make advancements, they continued to look back in time. The question of good design for all still plagued this unit as attempts were made, but still did not quite satisfy the desire to make good design accessible to everyone.

The arrival of machinery and new materials were a factor that designers had to think about. The art nouveau period was about utilizing new materials and looking forward in the search to define modern. The art deco period followed and was much more popular in the United States than art nouveau was. The buildings designed during this period celebrated "...advances made possible by the electric illumination, radio communications, ... the automobile and the airplane" (Roth 519). Buildings designed in this style included the Chrysler building, the Empire State building and the Rockefeller center to name a few and were now designed for a broader group of people. The art deco period was the most popular movement in the US as it was all about motion, speed, swooping edges and optical illusions.

A search for modern still continued however. It was and is an ongoing and ever changing movement. When modernism first originated, arts and crafts was still predominately the main design movement taking place. The arts and crafts movement was birthed out of the attempt to restore good design for all, but it proved to cater to only those that could afford it. The modernist movement was believed to be the solution to this ongoing predicament.

"The early Modern designers hoped to change society for the better with the creation of a healthier and more democratic type of design for all" ( Massey 63). They attempted to do so by stripping away all unnecessary ornamentation and focusing on making a space nothing more than its desired function. An example of this form of design is the Farnsworth house by Mies van der Rohe. The construction was designed to provide a 360 degree view of nature. But in constructing this house like a glass box, it resulted in a home that was not satisfying to the clients because it got extremely hot. Other modern designs that caused further problems to arise include structures such as the Crown Hall (IIT) and the Lake Shore apartments both by Mies van der Rohe. The new types of designs that were supposed to improve living for everyone, were now creating new problems. "Something had gone amiss in the pure logic and social concern that had originally called modern architecture into being" (Roth 535).

Not all of the modern movement however was a failure. The Bauhaus, designed by Walter Gropius originated during this period. The Bauhaus to this day is still being used as a model for design schools. Many great structures arose from this movement, but regardless, this movement that was initially driven in attempts to bring good design for all failed in that aspect.

I do not believe that any movement to date has really satisfied the "democratic type of design for all." Both the arts and crafts movement and early modernism began out of the attempts to meet this need. I believe that from this point on, the proceeding movements will still continue to be about revolutions, revivals, cycles, and reforms to try and establish this ongoing need to make good design accessible to all.

I believe that this picture illustrates what has been carried throughout the course and into the final unit. In order to make advancements and create something even greater than what has been designed before, it still relies on looking back and establishing a firm foundation on which to build upon.

Reading Comprehension 7.

1) Within the theme of the exhibit assigned to your group, select ONE work and draw a diagram of the work, using the principles and elements of design. Write a 250-word annotation for your diagram to the themes of the EXPLORATIONS unit and the readings assigned for this unit. In your annotation, analyze and include at least one other work of art in the theme you have been assigned, make 3-5 appropriate citations from the readings, and consider SCALE (artifact, space, building, and place) as you complete your work.

I was assigned to the Creature world portion of the exhibit at the Weatherspoon museum. I chose to diagram a work by Steve DiBenedetto titled, Disappearance. In his work he depicts the tentacles of an octopus that is surrounded with a repeated pattern that resembles a spider's web. In his work, it is clear what he is illustrating, but at the same time it is distracting as there is so much going on. I believe his work is a model of postmodern design in that there is multiple directions and branches stemming off from one main source. In Massey it discusses that the postmodern period was a time where not one design technique was better than another but rather, "... a new pluralism was emerging" (Massey 195). DiBenedetto's work is described in the Weatherspoon museum as being "... a sinuous, serpentine elegance, but also suggest chaos and confusion." Similarly, interiors and architecture alike during postmodernism produced a "...puzzling multiplicity of design alternatives" (Roth 569).

Another piece of artwork that caught my eye was a work titled, Good Morning, by Jim Hodges. In his work, he attaches a spiderweb made from metal to a delicate silk scarf. In Roth, it discusses the postmodernist Robert Venturi's work as being an "...experiment in the new mix of new and old..." (Roth 568). I believe that Hodges' artwork similarly is a postmodern take of mixing new and old. I believe that the prefabricated metal attached to the silk is symbolic of machine made products taking over natural elements. By using an already made scarf and creating a metal spiderweb, Hodges also experiments with creating artwork by combining old and new as he materializes a natural element such as silk, and replaces it with a manufactured replica.

Collectively, both of these pieces of artwork symbolize the passage of time, the emergence of machines, and the multiplicity of design techniques and alternatives that branched from one another.

Book

This is a group book that shows a compilation of our work we

acquired during a precedent study. My portion of the book is the

section about the Tree House, by Mount Fuji architects starting on

page 28.

Power Point Presentation.

For Design Visualization class we were asked to construct a powerpoint that helped tell a story about the building we have been studying. My building is the Tree House by Mount Fuji Architects. I focused my powerpoint around telling how the house functions and how it is navigated through. The main themes discussed were the vertical, upward spiral construction of the house and how light and ceiling height helps distinguish between different rooms and the functions of the rooms.

Reading Comprehension 6.

[1] A common theme of the early twentieth century found in Roth, Harwood, and Massey set the tone for an understanding of styles in architecture and design influenced by fine art. Selecting either Arts + Crafts or Art Nouveau, TRACE the influences of the selected style in more than two nations. In your answer, you should include evidence from the readings and at least two annotated images as support for your analysis of influences. [15 POINTS POSSIBLE]

- Art Nouveau designers were concerned with not only the exterior, but the interior and every characteristic within the space as well. "To create a fully integrated and contemporary environment was the pivotal aim of the movement" (Massey 32-33). One huge characteristic of this period was the use of the free flowing line and curves. Additionally, new technological advancements such as the use of exposed metal framework in interiors defined this movement.

The influences of the Art Nouveau movement can be seen all over the world. In Brussels, Belgium the influence can be seen in the interior of the Tassel house. The use of slim iron columns in this space are something that has not been seen in Belgium until now. The glazed roof and the use of the small columns allow light to flow into the flowing space. The designer Victor Horta uses the free flowing line to create a continuous fluidity that connects the floors, walls, ceilings, and iron work.

France soon became influenced by the Art Nouveau movement as designers visited Brussels and became exposed to this new wave of design. The Castel Beranger apartments designed by Hector Guimard is a by product of Belgium Art Noueveau influence. Although much of the building was designed prior to meeting Victor Horta, designer Guimard was inspired by Horta's work and still incorporated as many details as he could that were reflective of what he saw in Brussels. The apartment complex contains the same fluid, continuous free flowing line. Additionally, throughout the building the use of thin iron is present as well as asymmetrical characteristics and ornament that is reflective of nature which are all elements of Art Nouveau.

Berlin, Germany is another place that Art Nouveau spread to. The Havana Tobacco Company cigar chop was designed by Van de Velde. The store is characterized by Art Nouveau influence but it also adapts a German style that differs to that seen in France. The store contains the similar curvature in a much more dramatic manner, and focuses on symmetry rather than France's asymmetrical approach.

Tassel House

Castel Beranger, Massey pg. 38

Havana Tobacco Company, Massey pg. 43

[2] Originating at the Bauhaus and in the work of LeCorbusier, the so-called Modern movement deeply influenced design and architecture of the twentieth century. The great debate raised by this new approach to design involved the presence of the machine in the design process and final products. SPECULATE about the implications of “machines for living” and the famous dictum “less is more” on design today. Use at least one ARTIFACT, SPACE, or BUILDING in your answer, providing a salient image (cited) and annotation to help bolster your argument. [10 POINTS POSSIBLE]

- The modern movement beginning in the 20th century was a turning point in history as architecture turned completely away from symbolic and religious meaning. This new point in time was seeking a whole new expression. The goal was to reduce architecture to something utilitatian that reflected the spirit of the machine age. Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe reflected on what architecture should resemble as he said, "...architecture being an expression of technical power" (Roth 526). There became a celebration of the machine, and factories even became a model for design. The simplistic, logical factors behind factory construction were viewed favorable as it satisfied the idea that "less is more." Spaces began to be designed with a purpose in mind, holding on to the idea that machines are for living.

The Apple store in New York City designed by Bohlin Cywinski Jackson is a present day example of a building and space that was influenced by the ideas of the beginning modernists. Gropius had stated that architecture should be "...radiant and naked, unencumbered by lying facades and trickeries" (Roth 524). The Apple Store stays true to the beliefs of Gropius. The glass cube that sits above ground is made possible by the advancement in machinery and the use of glass. It speaks a message of transparency and honesty. The plan of the store is open, free flowing and highly functionally. The minimal use of materials and lack of ornamentation shows that less is really more and additionally it allows the apple products to speak for themselves. The products in themselves additionally are reflective of the idea that machines are part of everyday life.

Apple Store

Apple Products

[3] From the assigned pages in Roth, Harwood, and Massey, SELECT an image that you believe explodes the notion that Modern interiors and objects were black and white. Fully RENDER your own design exploration of that image through color, material, and light and appropriately annotate and cite the image to prove this point. [5 POINTS POSSIBLE]

- The Laroche House in Paris, France designed by Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret is an example of an interior that is depicted as being black and white. The first two images are of the same place, and it appears that the environment is designed to be very clean with white washed walls. I was surprised to see how the interior actually is with walls exploding with color and very bright artwork.

Laroche House 1928, Harwood pg. 630